406 research outputs found
Photocarrier thermalization bottleneck in graphene
We present an ab-initio study of photocarrier dynamics in graphene due to
electron-phonon (EP) interactions. Using the Boltzmann relaxation-time
approximation with parameters determined from density functional theory (DFT)
and a complementary, explicitly solvable model we show that the photocarrier
thermalization time changes by orders of magnitude, when the excitation energy
is reduced from 1 eV to the 100 meV range. In detail, the ultrafast
thermalization at low temperatures takes place on a femtosecond timescale via
optical phonon emission, but slows down to picoseconds once excitation energies
become comparable with these optical phonon energy quanta. In the latter
regime, thermalization times exhibit a pronounced dependence on temperature.
Our DFT model includes all the inter- and intraband transitions due to EP
scattering. Thanks to the high melting point of graphene we extend our studies
up to 2000~K and show that such high temperatures reduce the photocarrier
thermalization time through phonon absorption.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological profile of Colebrookea oppositifolia Smith
Colebrookea oppositifolia commonly known as ‘Bhaman’ is distributed throughout India from the Himalayas down to Deccan. The plant is used traditionally as such as dermatitis, dysentery, fever, headache, peptic ulcer, haemostatic, wounds, as anti-fertility agent, fungicide, and the roots of the plant has been most widely used for the treatment of epilepsy.. Medicinally, it has been proven to possess various pharmacological activities like treating corneal opacity or conjunctivitis, sore eyes due to its anti-inflammatory properties, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antihelmintic, antifungal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antinociceptive, cytotoxic activity, anticonvulsant, antiulcer, antimicrobial, anti-fertility, antipyretic and insecticide. Further, studies reveal the presence of various phytochemical constituents mainly flavone glycosides viz. chrysin, negletein, landenein; leaves contain 5,6,7- tri-methoxyflavone, 5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone, acteoside, and quercetin in the bark; root contains stearic, palmitic, oleic acids, triacontanol, flavone glycoside echioidin, 5,6,7-trimethoxyflavone and 4',5,6,7- tetra methoxy flavone; sugars and vitamins have also been isolated from this plant. These studies reveal that Colebrookea oppositifolia is a source of medicinally active compounds and have various pharmacological effects; hence, this drug encourage finding its new therapeutic uses.
Keywords: Colebrookea oppositifolia, wound healing, anticonvulsant, Lamiacea
Communication in Cloud-of-Clouds Environment for Brokers
In advancement of cloud brokers for communication between different cloud providers, and the cloud-of-clouds territory denoting the integration of different clouds- including clouds offering different abstractions and services (e.g., Infrastructure as a Service vs. Platform as a Service) present new challenges to software developers. Actually, while support for developing speci?c types of applications to run in different individual cloud infrastructures is slowly becoming acceptable, there is little support for programming applications that run across several clouds or types of clouds. Combination of application, datacenters, and programming techniques in the multi-cloud environment poses numerous difficulties to framework engineers. Diverse cloud suppliers offer distinctive communication abstractions, and applications shows distinctive correspondence designs. By abstracting from hardware addresses and lower-level communication.
DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15015
Abdominal hysterectomy: analysis of clinico-histopathological correlation in Western Rajasthan, India
Background: Hysterectomy is the most common gynecological surgery done in the females worldwide as it provides definitive cure to a wide range of gynecological diseases, both benign and malignant. The indications to perform this major surgery should always be justified and the pathology should be proved histopathologically. Histopathological analysis and review is mandatory to evaluate the appropriateness of the hysterectomy.Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UMAID Hospital, Dr. S.N. M.C. Jodhpur (Raj.) during October 2014 to March 2015.Total 105 cases were studied during this period. The study included all women undergoing planned abdominal hysterectomy. Data was recorded on proformas, including demographic characteristics and clinical features. Hysterectomy specimens were saved in 10% formalin and sent to the Department of Pathology. Histopathology reports were analyzed and compared with the indications of surgery to draw various informative conclusions.Results: Of 105 cases, 55(52.38%) were in the age group of 41 – 50, which comprised the commonest age group undergoing the surgery. Maximum women (95%) those underwent hysterectomy were multiparous. Most common preoperatively clinical diagnosis was leiomyoma uterus which was diagnosed clinically and sonographically in 51(48.57%) cases. On Histopathological examination, the commonest pathology, similar to clinical impression, was found to be Leiomyoma at 50.48% (n = 53). Adenomyosis (21.90%) was detected as Second most common pathology. Histopathological confirmation of pre-operative diagnosis was 89% for malignancy, 96% for fibroids, 100% for adenomyosis, 100% for pelvic inflammatory disease.Conclusions: There was a high correlation when the clinical diagnosis was a fibroid, adenomyosis and ovarian mass. Every hysterectomy specimen should be subjected to histopathological examination because it is mandatory for conforming diagnosis and ensuring optimal management, in particular of malignant disease
A systematic review on Drug Re-profiling/Re-Purposing
Hardcore capability of drug repurposing has allowed rising population of diversified diseased patients to approach various medications with known safety profiles. In an ongoing scenario considering current pharmaceutical market, we have numerous drugs that are approved and repurposed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Developing and bringing a novel drug molecule from the laboratory to a market requires a lot of investment in terms of money, efforts, and time. On the other hand, repurposing a drug holds the capability of bringing out best cures with harmless, ease availability and inexpensive quality. Sildenafil, Chloroquine, Metformin are some examples of repurposed drug used in multiple disease models. Despite numerous challenges, drug repurposing stood to be a core component to any comprehensive drug re-discovering strategies which has been planned to bring benefit to the patients suffering from a wide variety of dreadful ailments. In this review, we have discussed the various repurposed drugs in numerous types of cancer, deadly novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and some orphan diseases. This paper holds various examples of drugs which are still under clinical trial and have high chances of being approved as repurposed drugs benefitting humankind
A Deep Multi-Level Attentive network for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis
Multimodal sentiment analysis has attracted increasing attention with broad
application prospects. The existing methods focuses on single modality, which
fails to capture the social media content for multiple modalities. Moreover, in
multi-modal learning, most of the works have focused on simply combining the
two modalities, without exploring the complicated correlations between them.
This resulted in dissatisfying performance for multimodal sentiment
classification. Motivated by the status quo, we propose a Deep Multi-Level
Attentive network, which exploits the correlation between image and text
modalities to improve multimodal learning. Specifically, we generate the
bi-attentive visual map along the spatial and channel dimensions to magnify
CNNs representation power. Then we model the correlation between the image
regions and semantics of the word by extracting the textual features related to
the bi-attentive visual features by applying semantic attention. Finally,
self-attention is employed to automatically fetch the sentiment-rich multimodal
features for the classification. We conduct extensive evaluations on four
real-world datasets, namely, MVSA-Single, MVSA-Multiple, Flickr, and Getty
Images, which verifies the superiority of our method.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure
Charge carrier thermalization in bulk and monolayer CdTe: A first principles study
While cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin films are being used in solar cell
prototyping for decades, the recent advent of two-dimensional (2D) materials
challenges the fundamental limit for thickness of conventional CdTe layers.
Here, we report our theoretical predictions on photocarrier dynamics in an
ultimately thin (about 1 nm) CdTe slab. It corresponds to a layer that is just
a single unit cell thick, when the bulk parent crystal in the zinc blende phase
is cleaved along the [110] facet. Using an \textit{ab-initio} method based on
density functional theory (DFT) and the Boltzmann equation in the relaxation
time approximation (RTA), we determine the thermalization time for charge
carriers excited to a certain energy for instance through laser irradiation.
Our calculations include contributions arising from all phonon branches in the
first Brillouin zone (BZ), thus capturing all relevant inter- and intraband
carrier transitions due to electron-phonon scattering. We find that the
photocarrier thermalization time is strongly reduced, by one order of magnitude
for holes and by three orders of magnitude for electrons, once the CdTe crystal
is thinned down from the bulk to a monolayer. Most surprisingly, the electron
thermalization time becomes independent of the electron excess energy up to
about 0.5~eV, when counted from the conduction band minimum (CBM). We relate
this peculiar behavior to the degenerate and nearly parabolic lowest conduction
band that yields a constant density of states in the 2D limit. Our findings may
be useful for designing novel CdTe-based optoelectronic devices, which employ
nonequilibrium photoexcited carriers to improve the performance
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